This paper provides a comprehensive review of behavioural, emotional, and developmental disorders in children and adolescents. It is designed as a guide for clinicians, emphasising the importance of early recognition and diagnosis. The paper explains how these disorders present clinically and are diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
The Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire (EDA-Q) is highlighted for its role in identifying Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA). The paper discusses the impact of challenging behaviours on a child’s education, sleep, family life, and future career opportunities. It also examines the prevalence and causes of mental health issues in children with behavioural difficulties. Current recommendations for diagnosis and management are reviewed, including available interventions and medications. The study underscores the need for tailored support strategies to improve long-term outcomes for children with these challenges.