This case study explores the differences between Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), particularly in forensic settings where misdiagnosis can occur. The paper highlights how both conditions may present with overlapping behavioural traits, such as difficulties with authority, impulsivity, and manipulative behaviours.
However, the study underscores key differences, including the underlying causes of these behaviours. While PDA-related avoidance is often driven by anxiety and an overwhelming need for control, ASPD traits are typically rooted in persistent disregard for others and a lack of empathy. The research warns that professionals working with offenders who have personality disorders must be cautious to avoid conceptual confusion between these conditions. Recognising these distinctions is essential for ensuring that individuals receive appropriate support and intervention, rather than incorrect diagnoses that could lead to ineffective or even harmful management strategies.