This research explores how well children understand others’ thoughts and feelings, known as Theory of Mind (ToM). It compares children with and without Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) and finds that stronger ToM skills are linked to lower aggression, especially in younger children. The study also shows that children with ASC generally have lower ToM abilities, and those with better ToM experience fewer difficulties with socialising and communication.
The research further examines Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA), a behavioural pattern where children strongly resist demands. PDA traits are often linked to behavioural difficulties, stress for parents, and school challenges. However, this study finds no connection between PDA and ToM, suggesting that different factors cause PDA behaviours. The findings highlight the need for personalised support strategies and early recognition of PDA traits during autism assessments. This research contributes valuable insights into an area that requires further study and better understanding.