This article explores the debate around whether extreme/pathological demand avoidance (E/PDA) is part of the autism spectrum or a separate condition. It provides an overview of current research and compares behaviours seen in classic autism with those in individuals with a strong demand avoidant profile. The paper describes challenging behaviours linked to E/PDA and the difficulties faced by caregivers and schools.
The research also examines similarities and differences between E/PDA, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD). While some behaviours overlap, E/PDA appears distinct. The article discusses how E/PDA may resemble a “female-typical” autism presentation, where symptoms can be harder to recognise. Finally, the paper outlines strategies for managing E/PDA behaviours and stresses the need for more research on recognition, diagnosis, and support. Raising awareness is crucial to improving understanding and intervention for individuals with E/PDA.